The success of these recordings, along with Bernstein's concert performances and television talks, was an important, if not vital, part of the revival of interest in Mahler in the 1960s, especially in the U.S. Bernstein claimed that he identified with the works on a personal level, and once said of the composer: [He] showered a rain of beauty on this world that has not been equaled since.[46]. He also recorded Nielsen's 3rd Symphony with the Royal Danish Orchestra after a critically acclaimed public performance in Denmark. 2, 4, and 5), as well as conducting recordings of his violin, clarinet and flute concertos. Musical theater. Years later he conducted at the funeral mass in 1968 for President Kennedy's brother Robert F. Kennedy, featuring the Adagietto from Mahler's 5th Symphony. The DVD video was not taken directly from the lectures at Harvard, rather they were recreated again at the WGBH studios for filming. (Some performances were probably due to the 2008 90th anniversary of his birth.) Bernstein was named the music director of the New York Philharmonic in 1957, replacing Dimitri Mitropoulos. As for "West Side Story," despite Sondheim's grumblings, the musical was produced by a Broadway all-star team, with music by Leonard Bernstein, direction by Jerome Robbins, and Sondheim's lyrics, which he penned in his early 20s. Bernstein was the first conductor to share and explore music on television with a mass audience. [citation needed] It was to prove a fruitful collaboration, and Callas and Bernstein went on to perform in Bellini's La sonnambula in 1955. In the summers, the Bernstein family would go to their vacation home in Sharon, Massachusetts, where young Leonard conscripted all the neighborhood children to put on shows ranging from Bizet's Carmen to Gilbert and Sullivan's The Pirates of Penzance. His first Young People's Concert was televised a few weeks after his tenure began as principal conductor of the New York Philharmonic. As he went on in his career, Bernstein would go on to fight for everything from the influences of "American Music" to the disarming of western nuclear weapons. "[64] Shirley Rhoades Perle, another friend of Bernstein, said that she thought "he required men sexually and women emotionally". RIFF The Puerto Ricans grumble: "Fair fight." My feeling was that he was onto something, but I couldn't really judge how significant it was. [27], After graduating from Harvard with a B.A. The "Tonight Quintet" is a number from the musical West Side Story (1957), with music by Leonard Bernstein and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim.Carol J. Oja has written that, "with the 'Tonight' quintet, Bernstein once again created a masterpiece of ensemble, one that rivals the best of such moments in European opera." Bernstein also continued to make his own TV documentaries during the 1980s, including The Little Drummer Boy, in which he discussed the music of Gustav Mahler, perhaps the composer he was most passionately interested in, and The Love of Three Orchestras, in which he discussed his work in New York, Vienna, and Israel. The concert was televised live, worldwide, on Christmas Day, 1989. When Leonard was ten years old, Samuel's sister Clara deposited her upright piano at her brother's house. Then Tony takes up the song's second subject, bringing music of equal beauty, even if its sense of passion is reined in a bit. [citation needed] Despite this, all these pieces have been performed, discussed and reconsidered since his death. [34] The program included works by Schumann, Miklós Rózsa, Wagner and Richard Strauss's Don Quixote with cello soloist Joseph Schuster. [9], Bernstein was the recipient of many honors, including eleven Emmy Awards,[10] one Tony Award,[11] seventeen Grammy Awards,[12] including the Lifetime Achievement and the Kennedy Center Honor. "[47] This speech was subsequently interpreted by Harold C. Schonberg, music critic for The New York Times, as abdication of personal responsibility and an attack on Gould, whose performance Schonberg went on to criticize heavily. Instrument. In 1964 Bernstein conducted Franco Zeffirelli's production of Verdi's Falstaff at the Metropolitan Opera in New York. However, his views were not shared by the audiences (with many full houses) and probably not by the musicians themselves (who had greater financial security arising from Bernstein's many TV and recording activities amongst other things). In one oft-reported incident, in April 1962 Bernstein appeared on stage before a performance of the Brahms Piano Concerto No. Bernstein began teaching himself piano and music theory and was soon clamoring for lessons. Tonight (Quintet) I Feel Pretty; Somewhere; Procession and Nightmare; Gee, Officer Krupke; A Boy Like That/I Have A Love; Finale; Back to Lyrics Homepage . Duple-meter. His first aspirations for social change were made apparent in his producing (as a student) a recently banned opera, The Cradle Will Rock, by Marc Blitzstein, about the disparity between the working and upper class. From one of the most enduring musicals of all time, here is one of iconic songs from West Side Story skillfully adapted for string ensemble by Robert Longfield. Nine more Omnibus lectures followed from 1955 to 1961 (later on ABC and then NBC) covering jazz, conducting, American musical comedy, modern music, J.S. [4] He was also a critical figure in the modern revival of the music of Gustav Mahler, the composer whose music he was most passionately interested in. In 1972 Bernstein recorded Bizet's Carmen, with Marilyn Horne in the title role and James McCracken as Don Jose, after leading several stage performances of the opera at the Metropolitan Opera. He had a variety of piano teachers in his youth, including Helen Coates, who later became his secretary. In April 1949, Bernstein performed as piano soloist in the world premiere of his Symphony No. The longtime leader of the N.Y. Philharmonic carved a niche in history with, https://music.fas.harvard.edu/Oja-ShelemayBernsteinJSAM.pdf, "Boston Pops to celebrate the magic of Leonard Bernstein", "Tanglewood | Educator | About | Leonard Bernstein", "Leonard Bernstein and the Youngest, Poorest Symphony in the World", "Honors: A Selected List – Grammy Awards", "Map: See Where Famous Composers Have Lived in NYC", "Mahler: His Time Has Come (Leonard Bernstein)", Transcription of Bernstein's Glenn Gould Introduction, "June 6 & 8, 1968: Bernstein, Mahler, and Remembering Robert F. Kennedy", "JFK: The Philharmonic and Leonard Bernstein Respond", "History of the Leonard Bernstein Center for Learning", "Bernstein Retires From Performing, Citing Poor Health", "Recording View: Bernstein: Yet More Surprises? Bernstein's conducting was characterized by extremes of emotion with the rhythmic pulse of the music conveyed visually through his balletic podium manner. Product Type: Musicnotes. The Israel Philharmonic celebrated his involvement with them at festivals in Israel and Austria in 1977. A TV documentary The Making of West Side Story about the recording was made at the same time and has been released as a DVD. The program was first telecast in 1970 on Austrian and British television, and then on CBS in the U.S. on Christmas Eve 1971. West Side Story, Tonight Genre. [65] But the early years of his marriage seem to have been happy, and no one has suggested Bernstein and his wife did not love each other. The next year he conducted an open-air concert for Israeli troops at Beersheba in the middle of the desert during the Arab-Israeli war. Product #: MN0105019. Bernstein served as artistic director and taught conducting there until 1984. Aside from those 1940s recordings, which were made for RCA Victor, Bernstein recorded primarily for Columbia Masterworks Records, especially when he was music director of the New York Philharmonic between 1958 and 1971. See for instance Bernstein's 1980 TV Documentary, Leonard Bernstein and Maximilian Schell discussing Beethoven's 6th and 7th Symphony, Gloria Domina, James Cravero, Kevin Mackie, Patrick Robinson & Steve Pullara (producers) –, assassination of President John F. Kennedy, Mass: A Theatre Piece for Singers, Players, and Dancers, John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, Learn how and when to remove this template message, List of compositions by Leonard Bernstein, A Party with Betty Comden and Adolph Green, Songfest: A Cycle of American Poems for Six Singers and Orchestra, Royal Philharmonic Society Gold Medal (UK), Knight Grand Cross Order of Merit (Italy), Grammy Award for Best Orchestral Performance, Grammy Award for Best Classical Vocal Performance, Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Soloist(s) Performance, Grammy Award for Best Classical Contemporary Composition, "Leonard Bernstein, 72, Music's Monarch, Dies". In 1953, he wrote the music for Wonderful Town on very short notice, working again with Comden and Green, who wrote the lyrics. Some of his works, especially his score for West Side Story, helped bridge the gap between classical and popular music. Bernstein's final farewell to the State Opera happened accidentally in 1989: following a performance of Modest Mussorgsky's Khovanshchina, he unexpectedly entered the stage and embraced conductor Claudio Abbado in front of a cheering audience. He shared an apartment with his friend Adolph Green, and often accompanied Green, Betty Comden, and Judy Holliday in a comedy troupe called The Revuers who performed in Greenwich Village. His works include three symphonies, Chichester Psalms, Serenade after Plato's "Symposium", the original score for the film On the Waterfront, and theater works including On the Town, Wonderful Town, Candide, and his MASS. BERNARDO The Sharks are gonna have their way Tonight. It featured parts of Bernstein's rehearsals and performance for the Otto Schenk production of Fidelio, Bernstein playing the 1st piano concerto and conducting the Ninth Symphony with the Vienna Philharmonic, with the young Plácido Domingo amongst the soloists. [87][88], Bernstein was named in the book Red Channels: The Report of Communist Influence in Radio and Television (1950) as a Communist along with Aaron Copland, Lena Horne, Pete Seeger, Artie Shaw and other prominent figures of the performing arts. In addition to his audio recordings, many of Bernstein's concerts from the 1970s onwards were recorded on motion picture film by the German film company Unitel. He wasn't conflicted about it at all. In 1967, he conducted a concert on Mount Scopus to commemorate the Reunification of Jerusalem, featuring Mahler's Symphony No. In the summer of 1970, during the Festival of London, he conducted Verdi's Requiem Mass in St. Paul's Cathedral, with the London Symphony Orchestra. Carl St. Clair was engaged to conduct it in his stead. From the Show: West Side Story. West Side Story, Tonight Harmony. Watch: New Singing Lesson Videos Can Make Anyone A Great Singer Tonight, tonight, Won't be just any night, Tonight there will be no morning star. Bernstein was one of the major figures in orchestral conducting in the second half of the 20th century. In 1966 he made his debut at the Vienna State Opera conducting Luchino Visconti's production of the same opera with Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau as Falstaff. Throughout his career, Bernstein often talked about the music of Charles Ives, who died in 1954. ‘Cool’, like ‘Maria’ and ‘Gee, Officer Krupke’, is based around the devil’s interval, and it creates a dark, stilted atmosphere to tell the audience that something is up. In 1959, he took the New York Philharmonic on a tour of Europe and the Soviet Union, portions of which were filmed by CBS Television. The girl has survived the Holocaust and emigrated from Israel; the conflict was to be centered around anti-Semitismof the Catholic "Jets" towards the Jewish "Emeralds" (a name that ma… often involves discussing the degree to which he created something new as art versus simply skillfully borrowing and fusing together elements from others. Bernstein seems to have limited himself to only conducting certain Shostakovich symphonies, namely the numbers 1, 5, 6, 7, 9, and 14. (The 1949 film version only contains four of Bernstein's original numbers.) As a composer he wrote in many styles, including symphonic and orchestral music, ballet, film and theatre music, choral works, opera, chamber music and works for the piano. 'Somewhere' appears in West Side Story at a moment when Tony has just stabbed Maria’s brother Bernardo to death at the rumble. Through his educational efforts, including several books and the creation of two major international music festivals, he influenced several generations of young musicians. "Tonight" is a song from the 1957 musical West Side Story with music written by Leonard Bernstein and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim. 9 in Berlin to celebrate the fall of the Berlin Wall. Campbell, Corinna. [97], According to the League of American Orchestras,[98] he was the second most frequently performed American composer by U.S. orchestras in 2008–09 behind Copland, and he was the 16th most frequently performed composer overall by U.S. orchestras. In 1946, he made his overseas debut with the Czech Philharmonic in Prague. [55] In a book released in October 2013, The Leonard Bernstein Letters, his wife acknowledges his homosexuality. Those familiar with Leonard Bernstein's West Side Story are generally aware that it is an updating of Shakespeare's tragic love story Romeo and Juliet. Many of these films appeared on LaserDisc and are now on DVD. He was held in high regard amongst many musicians, including the members of the Vienna Philharmonic, evidenced by his honorary membership; the London Symphony Orchestra, of which he was president; and the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra, with which he appeared regularly as guest conductor. Bernstein held the music directorship until 1969 (with a sabbatical in 1965) although he continued to conduct and make recordings with the orchestra for the rest of his life and was appointed "laureate conductor". In the same year, Bernstein received the Praemium Imperiale, an international prize awarded by the Japan Arts Association for lifetime achievement in the arts. [citation needed]. The city of Tel Aviv added his name to the Orchestra Plaza in the center of the city. Mitropoulos's charisma and power as a musician were major influences on Bernstein's eventual decision to become a conductor. His first opera, Trouble in Tahiti, was dedicated to Blitzstein and has a strong social theme, criticizing American civilization and suburban upper-class life in particular. [75] Also for his centennial, the Skirball Cultural Center in Los Angeles created an exhibition titled Leonard Bernstein at 100. [99] Perhaps the harshest criticism he received from some critics in his lifetime though was directed at works like his Kaddish Symphony, his MASS and the opera A Quiet Place, where they found the underlying message of the piece or the text as either mildly embarrassing, clichéd or offensive. During a trip to the USSR in 1974, Massachusetts Senator Ted Kennedy and his wife Joan, urged by Bernstein and others in the cultural sphere, mentioned Rostropovich's situation to Leonid Brezhnev, the Soviet Union Communist Party Leader. [26], Bernstein met Aaron Copland on the latter's birthday in 1937; the elder composer was sitting next to Bernstein at a dance recital at Town Hall in New York City. ", "Carl St.Clair Remembers Leonard Bernstein", "Leonard Bernstein a gay man who dabbled in the straight world", "Passionate, tender, heartbreaking ... letters reveal Leonard Bernstein's 10-year secret affair", "Leonard Bernstein, A Total Embrace of Music, Classical Notes, Peter Gutmann", "Died On This Date (October 14, 1990) Leonard Bernstein / World Renowned Composer The Music's Over", "Google Doodle Celebrates Leonard Bernstein's 100th Birthday with, "Skirball Cultural Center Celebrates 'Leonard Bernstein at 100, "Bernstein, Copland, Seeger and others are named as Communists", "The maestro's legacy reverberates in Nashville : Leonard Bernstein's dream of creating a center that integrates the arts and the classroom is in full swing", "Leonard Bernstein's Arts-Based Education Revolution", "2008–2009 Season, Orchestra Repertoire Report", "Leonard Bernstein (composer, conductor and pianist)", "Legacy Walk unveils five new bronze memorial plaques", The Interviews: An Oral History of Television, Leonard Bernstein: A Total Embrace of Music, Arias and Barcarolles, The Leonard Bernstein Pages, Leonard Bernstein: The Total Musician by Jeffrey Dane, Leonard Bernstein collection, circa 1900–1995, Mildred Spiegel Zucker collection of Leonard Bernstein correspondence and related materials, 1936–1991, Leonard Bernstein Festival of the Creative Arts, Category:Compositions by Leonard Bernstein, The Chipmunk Song (Christmas Don't Be Late), Britten: Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra, Dr. Seuss: How The Grinch Stole Christmas, The Little Mermaid: An Original Walt Disney Records Soundtrack, Beauty and the Beast: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack, I Am Malala: How One Girl Stood Up for Education and Changed the World, The Measure of a Man: A Spiritual Autobiography, Our Endangered Values: America's Moral Crisis, The Daily Show with Jon Stewart Presents Earth (The Audiobook), America Again: Re-becoming The Greatness We Never Weren't, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leonard_Bernstein&oldid=999581107, American people of Russian-Jewish descent, American people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent, Commanders Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany, Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners, Infectious disease deaths in New York (state), Music directors of the New York Philharmonic, Recipients of the Léonie Sonning Music Prize, Royal Philharmonic Society Gold Medallists, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from October 2020, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from August 2019, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2018, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from October 2020, Articles needing additional references from March 2020, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020, Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia, Articles with Encyclopædia Britannica links, Articles using Template:The Interviews people, Internet Off-Broadway Database person ID same as Wikidata, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Composer, conductor, author, lecturer, pianist, Japan Arts Association Lifetime Achievement Award, Cheryl Crawford / Equity Liberty Theatre /, This page was last edited on 10 January 2021, at 22:42. From the Album: West Side Story [Original Soundtrack] From the Book: West Side Story - Vocal Selections The concert, which also included an address by Eleanor Roosevelt, celebrated the one-year anniversary of the United Nations General Assembly's ratification of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and included the premiere of Aaron Copland's "Preamble" with Sir Laurence Olivier narrating text from the UN Charter. [32] One of Bernstein's classmates, both at Curtis and at Tanglewood, was Lukas Foss, who remained a lifelong friend and colleague. Bernstein recalled, “To me, in those days, the Pops was heaven itself … I thought … it was the supreme achievement of the human race.”[21] It was at this concert that Bernstein first heard Ravel's Boléro, which made a tremendous impression on him.[22]. Bernstein championed American composers, especially those that he was close to like Aaron Copland, William Schuman and David Diamond. [2] A longtime heavy smoker, he had had emphysema from his mid-50s. RIFF The Jets are gonna have their day Tonight. Noam Chomsky wrote in 2007 on the Znet forums about the linguistic aspects of the lecture: "I spent some time with Bernstein during the preparation and performance of the lectures. The lovers sing softly and more slowly in a brief central episode, but soon the melody regains its animation and emotional sweep, the dazzled pair realizing their mutual love ("Tonight, tonight the world is wild and bright, going mad shooting sparks into space"). [citation needed] In the late 1960s, Bernstein himself reflected that his eclecticism was in part due to his lack of lengthy periods devoted to composition, and that he was still seeking to enrich his own personal musical language in the manner of the great composers of the past, all of whom had borrowed elements from others. The invitation for the concerts had come from the orchestra and not from its principal conductor Herbert von Karajan. The concert was broadcast live in more than twenty countries to an estimated audience of 100 million people. Tonight, tonight The world is wild and bright Going mad Shooting sparks into space. Tonight, tonight The world is full of light With suns and moons all over the place. During the 1970s, Bernstein recorded his symphonies and other works with the Israel Philharmonic on Deutsche Grammophon. During his time in Vienna he also recorded the opera for Columbia Records and conducted his first subscription concert with the Vienna Philharmonic (which is made up of players from the Vienna State Opera) featuring Mahler's Das Lied von der Erde with Fischer-Dieskau and James King. When Koussevitzky died in 1951, Bernstein became head of the orchestra and conducting departments at Tanglewood. As a composer he wrote in many styles, including symphonic and orchestral music, ballet, film and theatre music, choral works, opera, chamber music and works for the piano. Throughout his life, he professed admiration and friendship for Gould. Harvard Bernstein Festival Program Book. [3] He was music director of the New York Philharmonic and conducted the world's major orchestras, generating a significant legacy of audio and video recordings. Bernstein was also at the time a committed supporter of nuclear disarmament. In 1954 Bernstein presented the first of his television lectures for the CBS arts program Omnibus. Far less well known is the fact that Shakespeare based his play (1594) on other material, particularly a narrative poem by Arthur Brooke entitled The Tragicall Historye of Romeus and Juliet (1562). Rostropovich, a strong believer in free speech and democracy, was officially held in disgrace; his concerts and tours both at home and abroad cancelled, and in 1972 he was prohibited to travel outside of the Soviet Union. The longtime leader of the N.Y. Philharmonic carved a niche in history with 'West Side Story. Her remark echoes the earlier view of Will Crutchfield. He majored in music with a final year thesis entitled "The Absorption of Race Elements into American Music" (1939; reproduced in his book Findings). During his many years of teaching at Tanglewood and elsewhere, he directly taught or mentored many conductors who are performing now, including John Mauceri, Marin Alsop, Herbert Blomstedt, Edo de Waart, Alexander Frey, Paavo Järvi, Eiji Oue, Maurice Peress, Seiji Ozawa (who made his American TV debut as the guest conductor on one of the Young People's Concerts), Carl St.Clair, Helmuth Rilling, Michael Tilson Thomas, and Jaap van Zweden. [59], Bernstein conducted his last concert on August 19, 1990 with the Boston Symphony Orchestra at Tanglewood. In 1935, Bernstein enrolled at Harvard University, where he studied music with, among others, Edward Burlingame Hill and Walter Piston. [24], Bernstein mounted a student production of The Cradle Will Rock, directing its action from the piano as the composer Marc Blitzstein had done at the infamous premiere. It was a long distance affair, but according to letters, they both cared about each other deeply. He also recorded Ravel's Piano Concerto in G as soloist and conductor with the Philharmonia Orchestra. He became a well-known figure in the United States through his series of fifty-three televised Young People's Concerts for CBS, which grew out of his Omnibus programs. In May 1978, the Israel Philharmonic played two U.S. concerts under his direction to celebrate the 30th anniversary of the founding of the Orchestra under that name. [80] His political life received substantial press coverage though in 1970, due to a gathering hosted at his Manhattan apartment at 895 Park Avenue[81] on January 14, 1970. In the summer of 1990, Bernstein and Michael Tilson Thomas founded the Pacific Music Festival in Sapporo, Japan. The recording was Bernstein's first for Deutsche Grammophon and won a Grammy. Leonard Bernstein. [13], Born Louis Bernstein in Lawrence, Massachusetts, he was the son of Ukrainian Jewish parents, Jennie (née Resnick) and Samuel Joseph Bernstein, both of whom immigrated to the United States from Rovno (now Ukraine). Sparks into space his older brother here you are and what was just a world is and. Final version that had been virtually abandoned by tonight from west side story composer, and the New York Philharmonic during Bernstein best-known! Musicians modeled on Tanglewood and is still in existence had argued for tempi much broader than normal which! 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